The Elements of Secure Access Control: Credentials
When we think of access credentials, it is easy to assume that if they reliably open doors, that they are secure, but it is not that simple. Not all credentials are created equal.
In today’s world, where security threats are constantly evolving, using smart card technology with high-frequency (HF) communication is a must. Let's explore why these credentials, combined with multi-factor authentication (MFA) and mobile solutions, offer the best defense against modern security challenges.
Why High-Frequency Credentials Are the Standard
Smart card credentials using high-frequency communication—typically in the 13.56 MHz range—are the foundation of secure access control systems. These HF credentials, like those based on NFC (Near Field Communication), offer a level of security and flexibility that older low-frequency (LF) systems simply can’t match.
What makes them so secure?
- Encrypted communication: HF credentials use encryption protocols like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), meaning that sensitive data like your credential ID stays protected. This ensures that information can’t easily be intercepted or spoofed.
- Unique data: Unlike LF credentials, each transaction has a unique element that prevents data sniffing.
HF credentials make it really hard for anyone to clone or hijack your credential data—and that’s exactly what you want when securing your space.
Smart Credentials
These high-frequency credentials aren’t just about secure communication; they also come with a robust management system to prevent cloning or compromise. When issuing a smart credential you’re issuing a secure data structure designed to withstand attacks. But smart technology doesn’t stop with cards. Mobile wallet credentials are becoming a mainstream alternative, offering built-in security features such as:
- Secure data storage: Mobile devices securely store credentials in an encrypted space, keeping them safe from tampering.
- Biometric authentication: Most smartphones offer features like fingerprint or facial recognition, adding another convenient layer of security.
- MFA - When you receive your credential, your identity is verified using the device’s built in security.
With mobile wallet credentials, you get all the advantages of smart card technology, plus the extra security of your device’s built-in features. It’s a win-win.
Issuing Credentials Securely: The Role of Multi-Factor Authentication
Before a credential is even activated, it’s crucial to validate the identity of the person receiving it. This is where MFA comes in. With MFA, identity is verified using more than one method:
- Something you have: Your smart card or mobile device.
- Something you know: A password, PIN, or other access code.
- Something you are: A biometric factor, like a fingerprint or facial recognition.
By requiring multiple forms of validation, MFA ensures that only the right person can receive and use the credential. This process makes it nearly impossible for unauthorized users to slip through the cracks when credentials are issued.
Securing Communication: Credential to Reader Encryption
Once a credential is in use, its security doesn’t stop. How it communicates with access readers is equally important. High-frequency credentials rely on encrypted communication channels to safely transmit data between the credential and the reader. This way, even if someone tried to intercept the data, they wouldn’t be able to make sense of it.
Additionally, encrypted keysets ensure that only authorized devices can interpret and validate the credentials, keeping everything under tight security control. This encryption process provides peace of mind that no unauthorized person or device can exploit the communication between the credential and the system.
How It All Works Together As One System
The security of your credentials is only part of the equation. For a truly secure access control system, all components need to work in harmony:
- Readers: Devices that communicate with your credential to verify access.
- Controllers and software: The “brain” of the system that makes the decision to allow or deny access.
- Door strikes and request to exit devices: Hardware that are present at the point of entry, ensuring a secure entrance and exit.
When you combine smart credentials, encrypted communication, and multi-factor authentication with a well-designed system, you create a layered defense that’s designed to keep spaces safe—whether it’s a small office or a large university campus.
Interested in chatting about your system? Contact Wavelynx.
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